{"id":4153,"date":"2026-03-17T18:19:50","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T22:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/?page_id=4153"},"modified":"2026-03-17T19:43:22","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T23:43:22","slug":"types-densembles-de-donnees","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/types-densembles-de-donnees\/","title":{"rendered":"Types d&rsquo;ensembles de donn\u00e9es"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1236px;margin-left: calc(-3% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-3% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column additional-res-sidebar fusion-animated\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.82%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.82%;--awb-width-medium:25%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.82%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.82%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.455%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.455%;\" data-animationType=\"fadeInLeft\" data-animationDuration=\"0.5\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three additional-res-sidebar-title\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:8px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/\">Premiers pas avec le BMDE<\/a><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 fusion-text-no-margin additional-res-sidebar-sub\"><p>(Choisissez des sujets ci-dessous)<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:10px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:var(--awb-custom_color_3);border-color:var(--awb-custom_color_3);border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2 additional-res-sidebar-text\"><p>Comprendre le BMDE :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/contexte-et-definitions\/\">Contexte et d\u00e9finitions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/quest-ce-que-le-bmde\/\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le BMDE ?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/pourquoi-utilisons-nous-le-bmde\/\">Pourquoi utilisons-nous le BMDE ?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/versions-et-extensions-du-bmde\/\">Versions et extensions du BMDE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/champs-bmde\/\">Champs BMDE<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/identifiant-unique-mondial\/\">Identifiant unique mondial<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/identifiant-devenement-dechantillonnage\/\">Identifiants d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/champs-de-localisation\/\">Champs de localisation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/champs-relatifs-au-protocole\/\">Champs relatifs au protocole<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/champs-effort\/\">Champs Effort<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/champs-observation\/\">Champs Observation<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/types-densembles-de-donnees\/\">Types d&rsquo;ensembles de donn\u00e9es<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/types-de-structures-des-donnees\/\">Types de structures des donn\u00e9es<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/metadonnees\/\">M\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/le-logiciel-r\/\">Le logiciel R<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column additional-res-content-col fusion-animated\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.94%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:60px;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.94%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:60px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.455%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.455%;\" data-animationType=\"fadeInRight\" data-animationDuration=\"0.5\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>Le BMDE prend en charge les donn\u00e9es r\u00e9colt\u00e9es de diff\u00e9rentes mani\u00e8res. Comprendre comment les donn\u00e9es d&rsquo;un ensemble donn\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9colt\u00e9es vous aidera \u00e0 les interpr\u00e9ter et \u00e0 les utiliser de mani\u00e8re appropri\u00e9e. Comme mentionn\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, les informations sur la mani\u00e8re dont les donn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9colt\u00e9es se trouvent dans les champs <em>ProtocolReference<\/em> et <em>ProtocolURL<\/em> (s&rsquo;ils sont remplis) ou dans les <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/metadonnees\/\">m\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es<\/a> du projet.<\/p>\n<p>Voici quelques types courants d&rsquo;ensembles de donn\u00e9es utilisant le BMDE:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recherche par zone<\/strong> \u2013 La recherche par zone, parfois simplement appel\u00e9e liste d\u2019observation, est une m\u00e9thode courante de collecte de donn\u00e9es semi-structur\u00e9e utilis\u00e9e dans le cadre de projets tels que les atlas des oiseaux nicheurs et eBird, entre autres. Il s\u2019agit simplement pour une personne de se d\u00e9placer dans une zone donn\u00e9e en enregistrant tous les oiseaux (ou autres organismes) qu&rsquo;elle rencontre. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, la recherche par zone ne comporte pas de parcours ou de dur\u00e9e pr\u00e9d\u00e9finis.<\/p>\n<p>Dans certains cas, les recherches par zone peuvent \u00eatre plus structur\u00e9es. Les relev\u00e9s par transects et les recensements sont essentiellement des recherches par zone comportant des itin\u00e9raires et\/ou des dur\u00e9es d\u00e9finis, mais la pr\u00e9cision avec laquelle ces param\u00e8tres sont d\u00e9finis varie selon les projets.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3819\" style=\"width: 2110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3819\" class=\"wp-image-3819 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Birding_Kananaskis-Alberta_Photo-Jody-Allair_3x2_Reduced_2100x1400.jpg\" alt=\"A group of volunteer birdwatchers looks through binoculars in a mountain landscape.\" width=\"2100\" height=\"1400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Birding_Kananaskis-Alberta_Photo-Jody-Allair_3x2_Reduced_2100x1400-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Birding_Kananaskis-Alberta_Photo-Jody-Allair_3x2_Reduced_2100x1400-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Birding_Kananaskis-Alberta_Photo-Jody-Allair_3x2_Reduced_2100x1400-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Birding_Kananaskis-Alberta_Photo-Jody-Allair_3x2_Reduced_2100x1400-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Birding_Kananaskis-Alberta_Photo-Jody-Allair_3x2_Reduced_2100x1400-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Birding_Kananaskis-Alberta_Photo-Jody-Allair_3x2_Reduced_2100x1400-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Birding_Kananaskis-Alberta_Photo-Jody-Allair_3x2_Reduced_2100x1400-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Birding_Kananaskis-Alberta_Photo-Jody-Allair_3x2_Reduced_2100x1400-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Birding_Kananaskis-Alberta_Photo-Jody-Allair_3x2_Reduced_2100x1400-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Birding_Kananaskis-Alberta_Photo-Jody-Allair_3x2_Reduced_2100x1400.jpg 2100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2100px) 100vw, 2100px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3819\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Jody Allair<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Point d&rsquo;\u00e9coute<\/strong> \u2013 Un point d&rsquo;\u00e9coute est une m\u00e9thode standardis\u00e9e de relev\u00e9 d\u2019oiseaux: une personne reste immobile \u00e0 un endroit fixe pendant une dur\u00e9e d\u00e9termin\u00e9e, enregistrant tous les oiseaux qu&rsquo;elle observe. Sa nature structur\u00e9e et l\u2019effort d\u2019observation bien pr\u00e9cis qu\u2019il demande font du point d&rsquo;\u00e9coute un outil pr\u00e9cieux pour l\u2019\u00e9tude et la surveillance des oiseaux.<\/p>\n<p>La dur\u00e9e d&rsquo;un point d&rsquo;\u00e9coute varie selon les projets. Dans certains cas, elle est divis\u00e9e en intervalles plus courts, ce qui peut aider \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des questions sur la d\u00e9tectabilit\u00e9 et faciliter la comparaison directe des points d&rsquo;\u00e9coute propres \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents projets. Dans de nombreux cas, les points d&rsquo;\u00e9coute sont divis\u00e9s en bandes de distance entre l&rsquo;oiseau et l&rsquo;observateur. Dans le BMDE, ces bandes de temps et de distance sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement refl\u00e9t\u00e9es dans plusieurs champs Observation (voir section pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente).<\/p>\n<p>Dans certains cas, chaque combinaison d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ce, d&rsquo;heure et de bande de distance fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;un enregistrement distinct. Il est donc important de v\u00e9rifier attentivement les ensembles de donn\u00e9es des point d&rsquo;\u00e9coute afin de savoir comment les donn\u00e9es sont stock\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3809\" style=\"width: 2570px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3809\" class=\"wp-image-3809 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/naturecounts_Kris-Cu_15-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two birdwatchers are looking at a tablet that is display the NatureCounts point count tool.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/naturecounts_Kris-Cu_15-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/naturecounts_Kris-Cu_15-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/naturecounts_Kris-Cu_15-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/naturecounts_Kris-Cu_15-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/naturecounts_Kris-Cu_15-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/naturecounts_Kris-Cu_15-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/naturecounts_Kris-Cu_15-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/naturecounts_Kris-Cu_15-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/naturecounts_Kris-Cu_15-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/naturecounts_Kris-Cu_15-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3809\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Kris Cu<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Relev\u00e9 avec arr\u00eats<\/strong> \u2013 Ces protocoles impliquent des parcours d&rsquo;\u00e9tude pr\u00e9d\u00e9termin\u00e9s, chacun comprenant plusieurs arr\u00eats. Une personne parcourt le trajet et effectue un relev\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque arr\u00eat. Un relev\u00e9 donn\u00e9 peut prendre la forme de points d&rsquo;\u00e9coute, de la diffusion d\u2019enregistrements audio (de chants d&rsquo;oiseaux pour susciter des r\u00e9ponses) ou d&rsquo;un autre type d&rsquo;\u00e9tude. Parmi les programmes qui comportent des relev\u00e9s avec arr\u00eats, on compte l&rsquo;Inventaire des hiboux nocturnes et le Relev\u00e9 des oiseaux nicheurs de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord (BBS).<\/p>\n<p>Dans un relev\u00e9 avec arr\u00eats, plusieurs stations sont reli\u00e9es le long de l&rsquo;itin\u00e9raire sur lequel elles se trouvent. Dans le BMDE, l&rsquo;itin\u00e9raire doit \u00eatre identifi\u00e9 dans le champ <em>RouteIdentifier<\/em>, et chaque arr\u00eat doit \u00eatre identifi\u00e9 dans le champ <em>SurveyAreaIdentifier<\/em>. Id\u00e9alement, l&rsquo;identifiant de la zone de relev\u00e9 devrait contenir l&rsquo;identifiant de l&rsquo;itin\u00e9raire. Par exemple, l&rsquo;identifiant de la zone de relev\u00e9 correspondant au quatri\u00e8me arr\u00eat de l&rsquo;itin\u00e9raire ON123 pourrait \u00eatre ON123-4. Chaque relev\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 \u00e0 un arr\u00eat donn\u00e9 devrait \u00e9galement avoir son propre <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/identifiant-devenement-dechantillonnage\/\"><em>SamplingEventIdentifier<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1723\" style=\"width: 2570px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1723\" class=\"wp-image-1723 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/NorthernON_Owl_Survey__Route160_RFilion_AssistantGaryDowe_8April2023_1048pm-scaled-e1718634613492.jpeg\" alt=\"An owl survey volunteer stands on a road under a dark sky.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1723\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Roxane Filion<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Section suivante: <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/types-de-structures-des-donnees\/\">Types de structures des donn\u00e9es<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":3763,"parent":4113,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4153","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4153"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4153\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4113"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3763"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}