{"id":4152,"date":"2026-03-17T18:15:04","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T22:15:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/?page_id=4152"},"modified":"2026-03-17T19:43:35","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T23:43:35","slug":"types-de-structures-des-donnees","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/types-de-structures-des-donnees\/","title":{"rendered":"Types de structures des donn\u00e9es"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1236px;margin-left: calc(-3% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-3% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column additional-res-sidebar fusion-animated\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.82%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.82%;--awb-width-medium:25%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.82%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.82%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.455%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.455%;\" data-animationType=\"fadeInLeft\" data-animationDuration=\"0.5\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three additional-res-sidebar-title\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:8px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/\">Premiers pas avec le BMDE<\/a><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 fusion-text-no-margin additional-res-sidebar-sub\"><p>(Choisissez des sujets ci-dessous)<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:10px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:var(--awb-custom_color_3);border-color:var(--awb-custom_color_3);border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2 additional-res-sidebar-text\"><p>Comprendre le BMDE :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/contexte-et-definitions\/\">Contexte et d\u00e9finitions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/quest-ce-que-le-bmde\/\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le BMDE ?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/pourquoi-utilisons-nous-le-bmde\/\">Pourquoi utilisons-nous le BMDE ?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/versions-et-extensions-du-bmde\/\">Versions et extensions du BMDE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/champs-bmde\/\">Champs BMDE<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/identifiant-unique-mondial\/\">Identifiant unique mondial<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/identifiant-devenement-dechantillonnage\/\">Identifiants d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/champs-de-localisation\/\">Champs de localisation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/champs-relatifs-au-protocole\/\">Champs relatifs au protocole<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/champs-effort\/\">Champs Effort<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/champs-observation\/\">Champs Observation<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/types-densembles-de-donnees\/\">Types d&rsquo;ensembles de donn\u00e9es<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/types-de-structures-des-donnees\/\">Types de structures des donn\u00e9es<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/metadonnees\/\">M\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/le-logiciel-r\/\">Le logiciel R<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column additional-res-content-col fusion-animated\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.94%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:60px;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.94%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:60px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.455%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.455%;\" data-animationType=\"fadeInRight\" data-animationDuration=\"0.5\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>Il est important de noter qu&rsquo;il existe deux structures des donn\u00e9es principales dans le BMDE: une esp\u00e8ce par ligne et un individu par ligne.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Une esp\u00e8ce par ligne:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dans de nombreux cas, en particulier pour la plupart des recherches par zone et des points d&rsquo;\u00e9coute, chaque ligne d&rsquo;un ensemble de donn\u00e9es repr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;une esp\u00e8ce particuli\u00e8re. Cette observation peut concerner plusieurs individus, dont le nombre doit \u00eatre indiqu\u00e9 dans les champs <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/champs-observation\/\"><em>ObservationCount<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3823\" style=\"width: 2570px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3823\" class=\"wp-image-3823 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/REKN_MKP20140518_01-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A flock of rust-coloured sandpipers is flying overhead.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/REKN_MKP20140518_01-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/REKN_MKP20140518_01-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/REKN_MKP20140518_01-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/REKN_MKP20140518_01-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/REKN_MKP20140518_01-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/REKN_MKP20140518_01-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/REKN_MKP20140518_01-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/REKN_MKP20140518_01-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/REKN_MKP20140518_01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/REKN_MKP20140518_01-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3823\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Mark Peck<\/p><\/div>\n<p>En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, un seul enregistrement repr\u00e9sente tous les individus d&rsquo;une esp\u00e8ce observ\u00e9s lors d&rsquo;un seul \u00e9v\u00e9nement d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage ou d&rsquo;un seul relev\u00e9. Il peut arriver qu&rsquo;un seul enregistrement ne repr\u00e9sente qu&rsquo;une partie d&rsquo;un \u00e9v\u00e9nement d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage, comme un intervalle de temps ou une bande de distance particuliers. Dans ces cas, il peut y avoir plusieurs enregistrements pour la m\u00eame esp\u00e8ce dans un seul \u00e9v\u00e9nement d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage. Cette structure n&rsquo;est pas recommand\u00e9e \u2014 id\u00e9alement, chaque enregistrement se rapporte \u00e0 l&rsquo;ensemble de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage, ces petits compartiments \u00e9tant indiqu\u00e9s dans les <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/champs-observation\/\">champs <em>ObservationCount<\/em><\/a> flexibles \u2014 mais il est important de savoir que les ensembles de donn\u00e9es peuvent diff\u00e9rer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Un individu par ligne:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Certaines relev\u00e9s sp\u00e9ciaux, tels que l&rsquo;Inventaire des hiboux nocturnes, recueillent des informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur chaque individu observ\u00e9. Pour cette raison, chaque ligne de l&rsquo;ensemble de donn\u00e9es repr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;un individu, et non d&rsquo;une esp\u00e8ce. Plusieurs champs <em>ObservationCount<\/em> peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour quantifier diff\u00e9rents aspects de l&rsquo;observation de cet individu. Par exemple, un inventaire des hiboux nocturnes peut utiliser ces champs pour indiquer \u00e0 quels intervalles de temps du relev\u00e9 on a entendu un individu vocaliser.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon de donn\u00e9es du programme d&rsquo;Inventaire des hiboux nocturnes ci-dessous montre un exemple de structure des donn\u00e9es avec un individu par ligne. Le nombre total est toujours un, et les \u00abX\u00bb dans les colonnes <em>ObservationCount<\/em> suivantes indiquent pendant quels intervalles de temps l&rsquo;individu a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3825 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-04-145449.png\" alt=\"A sample of a BMDE spreadsheet shows the observation fields, indicating a total count of birds and counts in specific time intervals.\" width=\"1269\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-04-145449-200x71.png 200w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-04-145449-300x107.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-04-145449-400x142.png 400w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-04-145449-600x214.png 600w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-04-145449-768x274.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-04-145449-800x285.png 800w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-04-145449-1024x365.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-04-145449-1200x427.png 1200w, https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Screenshot-2025-06-04-145449.png 1269w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1269px) 100vw, 1269px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Il est important de comprendre quelle structure des donn\u00e9es utilise un ensemble de donn\u00e9es particulier, tant pour le formatage de donn\u00e9es en vue de leur importation dans NatureCounts que pour l&rsquo;analyse des donn\u00e9es consult\u00e9es via NatureCounts.<\/p>\n<p>Section suivante: <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/autres-ressources\/naturecounts\/premiers-pas-avec-le-bmde\/metadonnees\/\">M\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":3763,"parent":4113,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4152","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4152"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4152\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4113"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3763"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.birdscanada.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}